1. 循环依赖是什么?
Bean A 依赖 B,Bean B 依赖 A这种情况下出现循环依赖。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean A
更复杂的间接依赖造成的循环依赖如下。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C → Bean D → Bean E → Bean A
2. 循环依赖会产生什么结果?
当Spring正在加载所有Bean时,Spring尝试以能正常创建Bean的顺序去创建Bean。
例如,有如下依赖:
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C
Spring先创建beanC,接着创建bean B(将C注入B中),最后创建bean A(将B注入A中)。
但当存在循环依赖时,Spring将无法决定先创建哪个bean。这种情况下,Spring将产生异常BeanCurrentlyInCreationException。
当使用构造器注入时经常会发生循环依赖问题。如果使用其它类型的注入方式能够避免这种问题。
3. 构造器注入循环依赖实例
首先定义两个相互通过构造器注入依赖的bean。
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; @Autowired public CircularDependencyB(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } }
@Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.baeldung.circulardependency" }) public class TestConfig { }
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyTest { @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // Empty test; we just want the context to load } }
运行方法givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails将会产生异常:
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘circularDependencyA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference"htmlcode">
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(@Lazy CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }使用@Lazy后,运行代码,可以看到异常消除。
4.3 使用Setter/Field注入
Spring文档建议的一种方式是使用setter注入。当依赖最终被使用时才进行注入。对前文的样例代码少做修改,来观察测试效果。
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public void setCircB(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } }@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; @Autowired public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } }@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyTest { @Autowired ApplicationContext context; @Bean public CircularDependencyA getCircularDependencyA() { return new CircularDependencyA(); } @Bean public CircularDependencyB getCircularDependencyB() { return new CircularDependencyB(); } @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenSetterInjection_thenItWorks() { CircularDependencyA circA = context.getBean(CircularDependencyA.class); Assert.assertEquals("Hi!", circA.getCircB().getMessage()); } }4.4 使用@PostConstruct
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { @Autowired private CircularDependencyB circB; @PostConstruct public void init() { circB.setCircA(this); } public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } }@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; }4.5 实现ApplicationContextAware与InitializingBean
@Component public class CircularDependencyA implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean { private CircularDependencyB circB; private ApplicationContext context; public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { circB = context.getBean(CircularDependencyB.class); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException { context = ctx; } }@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; @Autowired public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } }5.总结
处理循环依赖有多种方式。首先考虑是否能够通过重新设计依赖来避免循环依赖。如果确实需要循环依赖,那么可以通过前文提到的方式来处理。优先建议使用setter注入来解决。
以上这篇基于SpringBoot构造器注入循环依赖及解决方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。
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