Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置

站长资源 2024/11/10 佚名

18 1538 18

相思资源网 Design By www.200059.com

Keepalived

由于在生产环境使用了mysqlcluster,需要实现高可用负载均衡,这里提供了keepalived+haproxy来实现.

keepalived主要功能是实现真实机器的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换.可在第3,4,5层交换.它通过VRRPv2(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) stack实现的.

Layer3:Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器.发送一个ICMP的数据包（既我们平时用的Ping程序）,如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活，Keepalived便报告这台服务器失效，并将它从服务器群中剔除，这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机。Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准。

Layer4:主要以TCP端口的状态来决定服务器工作正常与否。如web server的服务端口一般是80，如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动，则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除。

Layer5:在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常，如果与用户的设定不相符，则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。

Software Design

keepalived启动后会有单个进程

8352 "htmlcode">

root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install keepalived
root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pid existance
    interval 2          # check every 2 seconds
    weight -2          # add 2 points of prio if OK
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    interface eth1        # interface to monitor
    state MASTER         
    virtual_router_id 51     # Assign one ID for this route
    priority 101         # 101 on master, 100 on backup
    nopreempt
    debug
 
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.1.6.173
    }
 
    track_script {    #注意大括号空格
        chk_haproxy
    }
 
    notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh #表示当切换到master状态时,要执行的脚本
    notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh #故障时执行的脚本
    notify_stop  /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh #keepalived停止运行前运行notify_stop指定的脚本 }

VRRPD配置包括三个类:

VRRP同步组(synchroization group)
VRRP实例(VRRP Instance)
VRRP脚本

这里使用了 VRRP实例, VRRP脚本

注意配置选项:

stat:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态，就是说在配置好后，这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的，但这里指定的不算，还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定，里如果这里设置为master，但如若他的优先级不及另外一台，那么这台在发送通告时，会发送自己的优先级，另外一台发现优先级不如自己的高，那么他会就回抢占为master

interface：实例绑定的网卡，因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必须是在已有的网卡上添加的
priority 101：设置本节点的优先级，优先级高的为master
debug：debug级别
nopreempt:设置为不抢占

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pid existance
    interval 2          # check every 2 seconds 脚本执行间隔
    weight -2          # add 2 points of prio if OK 脚本结果导致的优先级变更：2表示优先级+2；-2则表示优先级-2
}

然后在实例(vrrp_instance)里面引用，有点类似脚本里面的函数引用一样：先定义，后引用函数名

    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }

注意：VRRP脚本(vrrp_script)和VRRP实例(vrrp_instance)属于同一个级别

root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat start_haproxy.sh 
#!/bin/bash
 
sleep 5
get=`ip addr |grep 10.1.6.173 |wc -l`
echo $get  /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
 
if [ $get -eq 1 ]
then
    echo "`date +%c` success to get vip"  /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
    /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
else
    echo "`date +%c` can not get vip"  /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log
fi
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_keepalived.sh 
#!/bin/bash
 
pid=`pidof keepalived`
if [ $pid == "" ]
then
  echo "`date +%c` no keepalived process id"  /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
else
  echo "`date +%c` will stop keepalived "  /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log
  /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
 
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
 
root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat stop_haproxy.sh 
#!/bin/bash
 
pid=`pidof haproxy`
echo "`date +%c` stop haproxy"  /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_ha.log
kill -9 $pid

同理配置10.1.6.205

root@10.1.6.205:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
  script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pid existance
  interval 2          # check every 2 seconds
  weight 2           # add 2 points of prio if OK
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  interface eth1        # interface to monitor
  state BACKUP
  virtual_router_id 51     # Assign one ID for this route
  priority 100         # 101 on master, 100 on backup
  virtual_ipaddress {
    10.1.6.173
  }
 
  track_script {
    chk_haproxy
  }
 
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh
 
}

HAProxy

下面再介绍下haproxy

HAProxy是一款基于TCP(第四层)和HTTP(第七层)应用的代理软件,它也可作为负载均衡器.可以支持数以万计的并发连接.同时可以保护服务器不暴露到网络上,通过端口映射.它还自带监控服务器状态的页面.

安装haproxy

wget -O/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
tar xvfz /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz -C /tmp/
cd /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22
make TARGET=linux26
make install

haproxy需要对每一个mysqlcluster服务器进行健康检查

1.在2台主机分别配置haproxy.cfg

root@10.1.6.203:scripts# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
    maxconn 51200 #默认最大连接数 
    #uid 99
    #gid 99
    daemon    #以后台形式运行haproxy
    #quiet
    nbproc 1   #进程数量(可以设置多个进程提高性能) 
    pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid #haproxy的pid存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件 
 
defaults
    mode tcp      #所处理的类别 (#7层 http;4层tcp ) 
    option redispatch  #serverId对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器 
    option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候，自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接 
    timeout connect 5000s  #连接超时
    timeout client 50000s #客户端超时
    timeout server 50000s  #服务器超时
    log 127.0.0.1 local0  #错误日志记录
    balance roundrobin  #默认的负载均衡的方式,轮询方式 
 
listen proxy
    bind 10.1.6.173:3366  #监听端口 
    mode tcp        #http的7层模式
    option httpchk    #心跳检测的文件
    server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3   #服务器定义,check inter 12000是检测心跳频率 rise 3是3次正确认为服务器可用， fall 3是3次失败认为服务器不可用，weight代表权重 
    server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
 
listen haproxy_stats
    mode http
    bind 10.1.6.173:8888
    option httplog
    stats refresh 5s  
    stats uri /status #网站健康检测URL，用来检测HAProxy管理的网站是否可以用，正常返回200，不正常返回503 
    stats realm Haproxy Manager
    stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24 #账号密码

root@10.1.6.205:~$ cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
    maxconn 51200
    #uid 99
    #gid 99
    daemon
    #quiet
    nbproc 1
    pidfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pid
 
defaults
    mode tcp
    option redispatch  
    option abortonclose
    timeout connect 5000s
    timeout client 50000s
    timeout server 50000s
    log 127.0.0.1 local0
    balance roundrobin 
 
listen proxy
    bind 10.1.6.173:3366
    mode tcp
    option httpchk
    server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
    server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
 
listen haproxy_stats
    mode http
    bind 10.1.6.173:8888
    option httplog
    stats refresh 5s  
    stats uri /status 
    stats realm Haproxy Manager
    stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24

2.安装xinetd

root@10.1.6.203:~# apt-get install xinetd

3.在每个节点添加xinetd服务脚本和mysqlchk端口号

root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk 
# default: on
# description: mysqlchk
service mysqlchk         #需要在servive定义
{
    flags      = REUSE
    socket_type   = stream
    port      = 9222
    wait      = no
    user      = nobody
    server     = /opt/mysqlchk 
    log_on_failure += USERID
    disable     = no
    per_source   = UNLIMITED
    bind      = 10.1.6.173
}
 
root@10.1.6.203:~# vim /etc/services 
mysqlchk    9222/tcp            # mysqlchk

4.编写mysqlchk监控服务脚本

root@10.1.6.203:~# ls -l /opt/mysqlchk 
-rwxr--r-- 1 nobody root 1994 2013-09-17 11:27 /opt/mysqlchk
root@10.1.6.203:~# cat /opt/mysqlchk 
#!/bin/bash
#
# This script checks if a mysql server is healthy running on localhost. It will
# return:
# "HTTP/1.x 200 OK\r" (if mysql is running smoothly)
# - OR -
# "HTTP/1.x 500 Internal Server Error\r" (else)
#
# The purpose of this script is make haproxy capable of monitoring mysql properly
#
 
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"
MYSQL_SOCKET="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
MYSQL_USERNAME="mysqlchkusr"   #该账户密码需要在mysql里添加
MYSQL_PASSWORD="secret"
MYSQL_OPTS="-N -q -A"
TMP_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.out"
ERR_FILE="/dev/shm/mysqlchk.$$.err"
FORCE_FAIL="/dev/shm/proxyoff"
MYSQL_BIN="/opt/mysqlcluster/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.6-linux2.6-x86_64/bin/mysql"
CHECK_QUERY="select 1"
 
preflight_check()
{
  for I in "$TMP_FILE" "$ERR_FILE"; do
    if [ -f "$I" ]; then
      if [ ! -w $I ]; then
        echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
        echo -e "Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
        echo -e "\r\n"
        echo -e "Cannot write to $I\r\n"
        echo -e "\r\n"
        exit 1
      fi
    fi
  done
}
 
return_ok()
{
  echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Length: 43\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is running.</body></html>\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
  exit 0
}
return_fail()
{
  echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
  echo -e "Content-Length: 42\r\n"
  echo -e "\r\n"
  echo -e "<html><body>MySQL is *down*.</body></html>\r\n"
  sed -e 's/\n$/\r\n/' $ERR_FILE
  echo -e "\r\n"
  rm $ERR_FILE $TMP_FILE
  exit 1
}
preflight_check
if [ -f "$FORCE_FAIL" ]; then
    echo "$FORCE_FAIL found" > $ERR_FILE
    return_fail;
fi
$MYSQL_BIN $MYSQL_OPTS --host=$MYSQL_HOST --socket=$MYSQL_SOCKET --user=$MYSQL_USERNAME --password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "$CHECK_QUERY" > $TMP_FILE 2> $ERR_FILE
if [ $"htmlcode">

root@10.1.6.203:~# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 211.151.105.186/26 brd 211.151.105.191 scope global eth0
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 10.1.6.203/24 brd 10.1.6.255 scope global eth1
  inet 10.1.6.173/32 scope global eth1
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep ha
tcp    0   0 10.1.6.173:3366   0.0.0.0:*        LISTEN   1042/haproxy  
tcp    0   0 10.1.6.203:8888   0.0.0.0:*        LISTEN   1042/haproxy  
udp    0   0 0.0.0.0:56562      0.0.0.0:*              1042/haproxy  
root@10.1.6.203:~# netstat -tunlp | grep xine
tcp    0   0 10.1.6.203:9222   0.0.0.0:*        LISTEN   30897/xinetd  
root@10.1.6.203:~# ps -ef | grep haproxy
root   1042   1 0 Sep17 "htmlcode">

root@10.1.6.203:mgm# mysql -udave -p -h 10.1.6.173 -P 3366
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1344316
Server version: 5.5.22-ndb-7.2.6-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL)
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database      |
+--------------------+
| information_schema | 
| dave       | 
| test        | 
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
 
mysql>



手动分别使keepalive,haproxy,数据库挂掉.vip10.1.6.173会自动漂到10.1.6.205从上，并不影响vip的访问
通过vip,haproxy查看各节点状态
http://10.1.6.173:8888/status

Keepalived,HAProxy,MySQL,高可用,负载均衡

标签：

Keepalived,HAProxy,MySQL,高可用,负载均衡

相思资源网 Design By www.200059.com

广告合作：本站广告合作请联系QQ：858582 申请时备注：广告合作（否则不回）
免责声明：本站文章均来自网站采集或用户投稿，网站不提供任何软件下载或自行开发的软件！如有用户或公司发现本站内容信息存在侵权行为，请邮件告知！ 858582#qq.com

相思资源网 Design By www.200059.com

评论“Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置”

暂无Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置的评论...

《魔兽世界》大逃杀！60人新游玩模式《强袭风暴》3月21日上线

暴雪近日发布了《魔兽世界》10.2.6 更新内容，新游玩模式《强袭风暴》即将于3月21 日在亚服上线，届时玩家将前往阿拉希高地展开一场 60 人大逃杀对战。

艾泽拉斯的冒险者已经征服了艾泽拉斯的大地及遥远的彼岸。他们在对抗世界上最致命的敌人时展现出过人的手腕，并且成功阻止终结宇宙等级的威胁。当他们在为即将于《魔兽世界》资料片《地心之战》中来袭的萨拉塔斯势力做战斗准备时，他们还需要在熟悉的阿拉希高地面对一个全新的敌人──那就是彼此。在《巨龙崛起》10.2.6 更新的《强袭风暴》中，玩家将会进入一个全新的海盗主题大逃杀式限时活动，其中包含极高的风险和史诗级的奖励。
《强袭风暴》不是普通的战场，作为一个独立于主游戏之外的活动，玩家可以用大逃杀的风格来体验《魔兽世界》，不分职业、不分装备（除了你在赛局中捡到的），光是技巧和战略的强弱之分就能决定出谁才是能坚持到最后的赢家。本次活动将会开放单人和双人模式，玩家在加入海盗主题的预赛大厅区域前，可以从强袭风暴角色画面新增好友。游玩游戏将可以累计名望轨迹，《巨龙崛起》和《魔兽世界：巫妖王之怒经典版》的玩家都可以获得奖励。

Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置

Keepalived,HAProxy,MySQL,高可用,负载均衡

MySQL Cluster集群的初级部署教程

MySQL连接及基本信息查看命令汇总

评论“Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置”

《魔兽世界》大逃杀！60人新游玩模式《强袭风暴》3月21日上线

友情链接